Why Animals Are Used For Testing Before Humans Essay

Animal research has been practiced since early Greek times; many Greek physicians such as Aristotle and Galen used animals as models to help advance their understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology (Hajar 2011). Animal research has been a major key in the development and profound understanding of how new chemicals, medicines, and treatments work. The reasons why animals are used for testing before humans can be narrowed down to five main reasons. First, it is required by law that new medicines, chemicals, and treatments are tested on animals prior to human testing. These tests are used to help establish preliminary information that can help prepare testing for human trials (Why Animals Are Used n.d). Secondly, animal research helps researchers make technological advances in the medical community. Many basic physiological functions between animals and humans such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, sensory, and even basic cell processe s function the same, or very similarly to one another. By sharing so many similar physiological features, animals also share many of the same illnesses with humans, allowing the use of many animals as a model to better understand diseases, which is the third focal point. The use of animals as models has allowed the medical community to gain a better understanding of disease mechanism, which â€Å"leads directly to the development of new technologies and medicine that benefit both humans andShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior o r biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1673 Words   |  7 Pages8322020 Animal Slavery Imagine you being tested on what do you think that feels like ? The total amount of animals used for testing on agriculture experiments is 1.13 million. This is only in the agriculture industry. Now imagine all the other industries that allow animal testing.They’re rights are being violated and there is nothing they can do about it but just take the pain that they don’t deserve. All of this could be stopped but to stop it has to begin somewhere. Animal testing does nothingRead MoreAnimal Testing And Why It Should Continue1390 Words   |  6 PagesIsaiah Tuppince Mr. Greer English 2 October 21st, 2015 Animal Testing and Why It Should Continue Jeremy Bentham once said, â€Å"The question is not, ‘Can they reason?’ nor, ‘Can they talk?’ but ‘Can they suffer?’† Animal testing is becoming a conflict right now and I believe that Animal testing should be stopped because it is cruel and inhuman, Alternative testing technologies exist, the lack of reliability, and it is expensive. Another quote once said was by Martin Luther King Jr stating â€Å"Never, neverRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane For Diseases, And Development Of Medical Treatments983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is animal testing? Animal testing is when scientist experiment on animals to find cures for diseases, and development of medical treatments. Many animals die because of this. Majority of people don’t know what they go through and how the process is done. Animal testing is inhumane for the following: why it is done, how it is done, and when it is done. To begin with, why is it done? Animal testing is done to protect humans from bad products that may hurt them, also to find ways to cure diseasesRead MoreAnimals for Testing754 Words   |  3 Pagesapproved for human use. It is slowly and painfully dying. We use animals for testing new products, like medications and beauty products that we end up using. Why should animals be put through such pain and agony for something we need? We are selfish and think we are the superior species, so we use animals instead of us. In my opinion, animals should not be used for testing and researching new products. Each year, more than 100 million animals are killed during testing. Some of those animals end up dyingRead MoreAbolishment of Animal Testing Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pageshappens during animal testing? How the animals are treated, or what tortures they have to face on a day to day basis? More than one-hundred million animals suffer and die every year through animal testing. Ninety-five percent of animals used in experimentation aren’t even covered under the Animal Welfare Act, which regulates the treatment of the animals that are used for testing. Some animals are abused and mistreated so badly that they die before they are even experimented on. Animal testing is a cruelRead MoreEssay about Using Animals in Research and Experimentation623 Words   |  3 PagesAnimals should be used for research and Experimentation because if the animals get sick or show any signs of acting abnormal then the scientists know it isn’t safe for humans to use. Animal research has played a big role in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade. Animals have the same organ system that perform the same task, which helps determine if what is being tested is safe for humans to use. Most of the medicines animals use the same medicine as humans like antibiotics, painRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1613 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, over seventy million animals are hurt and killed due to scientific research. Many brands have taken the pledge to become cruelty free, but there are still multiple brands that are continuing to use animals to test their products. Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, often ineffective, can not detect for many diseases that humans are exposed to, and can be unsafe due to the differences between animals and humans. Animal testing has been seen as cruel and inhumane forRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing has been around since the third and fourth centuries BC, when it was performed by Greek philosopher-physicians. However, it is unknown when people began to question this process. In today’s society, the idea of testing products on animals has become more and more controversial with numerous groups being created and becoming even more vocal. While people will decide for themselves where they stand in this argument, I would hope that most would agree that animal abuse is wrong. So,Read MoreThe Cruelty That Is Endured During Animal Testing1704 Words   |  7 Pagescruelty that is endured during animal testing The testing of animals in the cosmetic industry is purely inhumane, due to the fact that the benefit of testing does not prove to be as useful to offset the negative impact it has on animals, or offset the value of alternatives testing. â€Å"The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated like nothing more than disposable laboratory equipment.† The scientist testing on animals should not treat animals like they are not living, conscious

The Effects Of Free Speech On The United States - 1729 Words

As an American citizen and a late bloomer to the political arena in the United States, I find myself arriving in an disheartening and frightening environment. Where I have suddenly awoken in a dis-utopian world of money, power and greed, where the rich elites of the population has all the power to speak up. Where money has become more out-spoken and heard than actual dialog, while the majority of the population remains silenced through underfunded attempts to express their views. Giving money the potency of free speech enables only the people with a financial mouth to resonate loud enough to be heard. Presidents, Senators, Legislators and House of Representative members are involved in the process of making policies and laws, who are†¦show more content†¦Lobbying is a way for self interest groups to persuade the outcomes of policies through discussions and research. Thurber, James PHD in political science, director and founder of the Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies and a distinguished Professor at the Public Affairs American University, acknowledges in his research paper â€Å"President Obama, Congress and the Battle with Interest Groups and Lobbyists† identifies lobbying as â€Å"fundamentally [able to] influence the way issues and problems [are] framed and ultimately the way policies are made in Washington† (3). Self interest groups and lobbyists should have power to influence through debate in the United States on domestic policies that affect U.S. citizens. However, there is a overwhelming amount of cash being poured into politics to persuade decisions. Not only from U.S. interests, but foreign interest groups are pouring millions of dollars into American lobbying groups to persuade U.S. policies that affect millions of American citizens nation wide. Many lobbying groups give foreign investors whose interests do not coincide with the American citizens, a vehicle to influence U.S. domestic policies. Julia DiLaura, an investigative journalist for the Center of Public Integrity, confirms this in her article â€Å"Foreign Governments Pay to Influence U.S. Policy†, illustrates that these

Ojt Report Free Essays

History of PC Gilmore Fast-becoming one of today’s leading computer distributors and systems integrators, PC Gilmore Computer Center, or PC Gilmore Corporation, boasts of the widest reliable brands of computer products and services of the highest quality at very low prices. In short, we are a virtual discount computer outlet store. Formed in 2001 under the original name West Avenue Computer Center, PC Gilmore started out as a computer-retailing business with a vision to deliver utmost customer satisfaction at competitive prices without compromising quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Ojt Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, this immediately impacted on its clientele base and soon thereafter, the Company expanded operations by offering systems integration solutions and internet telephony as well. It eventually branched out to Metro Manila suburbs to meet its ever-rising customer demand. Despite the rapid pace in the information technology industry, PC Gilmore has managed to keep abreast of the competition. To date, the Company has five (5) sales offices and service centers manned by dedicated and well-trained personnel to serve individuals, professionals, business offices, government entities, commercial establishments, schools and among others. These are located at: †¢PLATINUM †¢VMALL †¢CUBAO †¢WEST AVE †¢SM NORTH †¢CALOOCAN †¢HARRISON †¢MOA And because of the Company’s â€Å"overachievement† since its formation only in 2001, PC Gilmore is very optimistic that it would soon be able to expand further its branch network operations within and outside Metro Manila and possibly in selected areas of Luzon. This is in line with our utmost commitment to reach out to our far-flung customers old and new. How to cite Ojt Report, Essay examples

Data Deduplication for Data Optimization †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Data Deduplication for Data Optimization. Answer: Introduction: The solution proposed by the junior team member of configuring some of the network switch with half duplex can solve the current situation of running out of buffer is invalid. This is because the half duplex connection uses a single pair of cable for transmission of data and thus the speed of transmission is much slow compared to the full duplex connection. This would thus does not solve the problem of running out of buffer and increase the congestion in the network. The replacement of the hubs with switch can resolve the issue of buffer overflow and the Ethernet switches can be used for bridging Ethernet frames. This would be an upgrade of the network because the hubs are obsolete and in the hubs the same data packets are broadcasted to the connected host and thus it increases the congestion in the network. The deployment of the switch reduces the congestion in the network and the ports that are not in use can be disabled for reducing the amount of traffic generated from the system. The mechanism that is implemented for the high layer protocol for creation of a reliable delivery and policy and determine their use for removal of the congestion in the network are as follows: Application of Leaky Bucket algorithm and Application of Token bucket algorithm The Network Address Translation (NAT) is the procedure where a system gadget, more often than not a firewall, allots an open deliver to a PC (or gathering of PCs) inside a private system. The fundamental utilization of NAT is to restrain the quantity of open IP tends to an association or organization must use, for both economy and security purposes. The two problems caused by the approach are as follows: The most widely recognized type of system interpretation includes an extensive private system utilizing addresses in a private range (10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, or 192.168.0 0 to 192.168.255.255). The private tending to plot functions admirably for PCs that lone need to get to assets inside the system, similar to workstations requiring access to document servers and printers. Switches inside the private system can course activity between private locations with no inconvenience. Notwithstanding, to get to assets outside the system, similar to the Internet, these PCs need to have an open address with the end goal for reactions to their solicitations to come back to them. This is the place NAT becomes possibly the most important factor. It requires special access for the accessing the outside network and a special access is required for accessing the external IP address using the network address translation. A firewall can act as the intermediary and can be used for controlling the session in both direction. i. The distance vector routing and the linked state routing is used in a network depending on the type of the network. The two routing protocols differs from each other and in case of the distance vector routing the routing table of the router is shared with the neighboring router such that the neighboring router have all the information of the neighbor. In case of the linked state routing protocol the routing table is shared with all the routers connected in the network such that for sending a data packet the shortest path is chosen. The distance vector routing can be easily applied in the network because it is easy to implement and EIGRP, RIP protocol is used for configuring the router with distance vector router while the link state routing uses the OSPF and ISIS protocol for configuration. The distance vector routing and slow for adoption of change in the network because the addition of a new router required configuration of the old router and the neighbor information is required to be added. The link state routing can be applied in the network but more memory and processing power is required for it. It reduces the problem associated with the distance vector routing and adopt the change in the network efficiently. Thus for the scenario where the links are growing up and down the link state routing is required to be applied for the management of the network. For a smaller network the distance vector routing is ideal and because it does not require much computational power or memory of the router to process the request and can be applied easily in the router. It helps in faster convergence and adds less load in the network because the broadcasting of the router table is limited to the next node and there is no need to pass the routing table to the whole network. No extra traffic is created in the network and reduces the risk of congestion. The DHCP can be used for addition of the IP address automatically to the nodes connected in the network. The DHCPv4 is used for allocation of the IPv4 address in the network but there is limit of 4.3 Billion IP address and DHCPv6 can also be used for allocation of the IPv6 address in the network and reduce the limit of accommodation of the nodes connected in the network. 300 trillion address can be provided to the nodes and it is a simplistic asset for management of the network resources. The two advantage of the DHCP feature is that it helps in IP address management and it also helps to maintain a centralized network. The DHCP is useful for implementation of DHCpv6 on the server and it can be used for allocation of IPv6 address to the nodes connected in the network. A dual stack network can be configured with the implementation of the DHCPv6 on the server. The network that uses the IPv6 can thus communicate with the old devices for transferring of the data packets in the network. The ARP Address resolution protocol is used as a crucial component in the IP networking for any of the operating system. The ARP is used for linking the Ethernet address with the hardware address and without the ARP the communication cannot be done between the nodes connected in the network. The ARP entries are used for collection of the ARP cache and is created during resolving the hostname. The cache entries remains in the system until the entry timeouts and issuing bad entries can cause problem for establishment of the internet connection and loading of the webpage management. Address: 92.168.75.14 01011100.10101000.01 001011.00001110 Netmask: 255.255.192.0 = 18 11111111.11111111.11 000000.00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.63.255 00000000.00000000.00 111111.11111111 = Network: 92.168.64.0/18 01011100.10101000.01 000000.00000000 (Class A) Broadcast: 92.168.127.255 01011100.10101000.01 111111.11111111 HostMin: 92.168.64.1 01011100.10101000.01 000000.00000001 HostMax: 92.168.127.254 01011100.10101000.01 111111.11111110 Hosts/Net: 16382 PC B Address: 192.168.58.43 11000000.10101000.0 0111010.00101011 Netmask: 255.255.128.0 = 17 11111111.11111111.1 0000000.00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.127.255 00000000.00000000.0 1111111.11111111 = Network: 192.168.0.0/17 11000000.10101000.0 0000000.00000000 (Class C) Broadcast: 192.168.127.255 11000000.10101000.0 1111111.11111111 HostMin: 192.168.0.1 11000000.10101000.0 0000000.00000001 HostMax: 192.168.127.254 11000000.10101000.0 1111111.11111110 Hosts/Net: 32766 (Private Internet) Both the PCs A and B are connected in different network If both the PCs are configured with a default gateway of 192.168.127.254 then PC A will be able to ping PC B and vice versa. An Echo request is sent to PC B from PC A and the PC A uses the ARP table of the router to find the Ethernet or the MAC address of the PC and respond to the request for receiving the Echo and broadcast the Ethernet address in the network. The Ethernet address of PC B is thus added to the ARP table and it receives a reply from the PC B. i. After completion of RIP configuration on two routers and configuring a loopback address in the router it is found that the R3 ping 172.16.1.1 path would be taken by the router for generating five echo request and five echo response. Bibliography 'C-Net',. (2016).Monster Cable Ultra 600 Series 16' THX Digital Fiber-Optic Cable Overview.CNET. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.cnet.com/products/monster-cable-ultra-600-series-16-thx-digital-fiber-optic-cable/ 'Computer Hope',. (2016).How to secure your home wireless network router..Computerhope.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001289.htm Dean, T. (2010).Network+ guide to networks. Boston, Mass.: Cengage Course Technology. Froom, R., Sivasubramanian, B., Frahim, E. (2010).Implementing Cisco IP switched networks (Switch) foundation learning guide. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press. Hoppe, A. (2013).Implementation, usage and advantages of cloud computing within project. [Place of publication not identified]: Grin Verlag. 'IBM', (2016).IBM Cloud Solutions. [online] ibm. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/marketplace/search/us/en-us? [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Kim, D., Cho, B. and Song, S. (2016).Data Deduplication for Data Optimization for Storage and Network Systems. Springer Verlag. Kumar G, D., Singh, M., Jayanthi, M. (2016).Network security attacks and countermeasures(p. 110). Lynn, S. (2013).HP Proliant DL380p Gen8 Server.PCMAG. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2421554,00.asp Marshall, D., Reynolds, W., McCrory, D. (2006).Advanced server virtualization. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications. 'Nerd techy',. (2016).Best Cable Modem WiFi Router Combo Reviews 2016 - Nerd Techy.Nerd Techy. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://nerdtechy.com/best-cable-modem-wifi-router-combo-reviews-2016 Peltier, T., Peltier, J., Blackley, J. (2013).Information security fundamentals(p. 319). Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach Publications. 'UpGuard',. (2016).Cisco vs. FireEye for Continuous Security.Upguard.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.upguard.com/articles/cisco-vs-fireeye Venezia, P. (2016).How to Set Up a Virtualization Server.PCWorld. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.pcworld.com/article/201408/how_to_build_a_virtualization_server.html Ye, B. (2015).IBM Cloud Manager with OpenStack on z Systems V4.2. [S.l.]: IBM Redbooks.

5 Steps in a Full College Book Review Dig into the Work at Hand

5 Steps in a Full College Book Review Dig into the Work at Hand 5 Steps in a Full College Book Review: Dig into the Work at Hand Most college students find writing book reviews rather difficult than enjoyable. It is supposed to be a thorough description, critical analysis, and evaluation of a book. Students can confuse a book review with a book report or book summary. A book review is not a narration but rather a critical analysis. Book reviews mostly focus on the themes, ideas, relevance, and limitations citing evidence from the book. In general, a college book review should present a clear and detail oriented evaluation of the quality of the book. On average, a book review should be approximately 500-1000 words. However, the word count might differ depending on the complexity and length of the book. How to Write a College Book Review Though different book reviews may vary, when it comes to a tone, style, subject and length they all have the same format. So, the steps that you should take while writing a college book review corresponds to the parts you need to work on. Read and understand a book. After you get the task to write a book review, the first step you’re recommended to follow is to read and understand the book. No additional resources can reveal totally the book content. Understand all the themes in the book and the message the author intended to communicate to the audience. Without taking this step, there is no sense to pass on. Introduce the book and its author to readers. As you understand this part is supposed to be an introduction that includes all the relevant details about the author and his or her book you’re going to analyse the name of the author, the book title and the major theme. Besides, you can add the book edition, the place of publication if this information is mentioned in the book. Give the basic information about a book. This part is called a summary in which you should focus only on the key issues in the book. There is no room for narrating the whole story. In fact, this section should not be more than 200 words. Carry out a critical evaluation. This section is considered to be a main one which is mostly targeted by examiners. Your task is to evaluate and analyze based on the author’s perspective as well as your understanding citing evidence from the book. You are free to critique or even state the limitations of the book if any. Conclude your reading. The conclusion largely depends on the evidence you have presented in the main section. It is also important to note that no new evidence can be presented in the final paragraph. Answer the question if you would recommend the book to others by underpinning your statement. With this practical guideline, writing a book review should be like a walk in the park. And each step will surely bring pleasure to you if only you follow them correctly without skipping. In   case you doubt in writing any part of a book review, you always can be supported by our quick professional help in writing. Our academic writers are ready to deal with a custom book review as required by your instructor. Start meeting academic requirements together with our expert team.

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Essay Research Paper Example

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Essay Research Paper Example Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Essay Paper Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Essay Paper The theory of psychosexual development describes how personality develops throughout our childhood and our experiences during childhood. This theory was developed by Freud. and is good known to the universe of psychological science. Even though it is good known it is besides considered one of the most controversial theories. Freud developed this theory in which there are five different phases. Phase one is considered the unwritten phase. This phase starts at the birth of the kid and ends when the kid turns one. During this phase the infant gets the bulk of their interactions through their oral cavity. The rooting and suction physiological reactions are really of import during this phase because their oral cavities are critical for eating. Most if non all babies derive pleasance from unwritten stimulation through satisfying activities such as tasting and suction. During this phase the kid develops a sense of trust and comfort because the caretaker/parents are responsible for eatings. The primary struggle during this phase is seeking to ablactate the kid off because the kid has to go less dependent of the caretaker/parent. : Phase two is the anal phase. This phase begins when the kid turns one and ends one time the kid is three old ages old. Freud believes that during this phase the primary focal point of the libido is to larn to command vesica and intestine motions. The major struggle of this phase is toilet preparation because he child must larn to command his/her bodily demands. Once the kid has developed such control they get a sense of achievement and independency. But. success at this phase is dependent upon the parents approach to potty preparation and this phase is more successful when congratulationss and wagess are given. Stage three s the phallic phase and the erogenous zone is the genital. This phase begins one time the kid turns three and ends one time the kid turns six old ages old. During the phallic phase the libidos primary focal point is the genitalias. It’s at this age that kids begin to detect the difference between males and females. Freud believes that male childs. in this phase. get down to see their male parent as a challenger for their mother’s fondness. The Oedipus complex describes the feelings that Freud says the male childs go through during this phase. These male childs besides fear they will be punished by their male parents so Freud termed this fright emasculation anxiousness. Stage four is considered the laten period. This phase occurs from the age six to puberty. During this phase the involvement of the libido are suppressed. The development of the child’s self-importance and superego contribute to this period of composure. This phase begins merely around the clip that kids are get downing school and are going more concerned with peer relationships. avocations. and other involvements. This phase is really of import to the development of societal. communicating accomplishments. and self assurance. Stage five of the psychosexual development theory is the venereal phase. The erogenous zone of this phase is maturating sexual involvement. This is the concluding phase of psychosexual s=development. and during this phase the single develops a strong sexual involvement in the opposite sex. This phase will merely stop one time person dies. During this phase the involvement and public assistance of others grows. The end of this phase is to set up a balance between assorted countries of life. After analyzing this theory. I now see why it is one of the most controversial theories. This theory topographic points much of its focal point on males an really rarely references the development of females. Freud’s theories can besides be really hard to prove ; for illustration. constructs that Freud uses such as the libido can non be tested and are impossible to mensurate. New research being done frequently discredits Freud’s work. Freud’s anticipations are besides really obscure. and is based upon instance surveies about grownup patients and their remembrances of their childhood non existent observation and survey of kids.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

History - Essay Example Trench warfare was the norm, and soldiers were pitted against one another in horrible conditions. The use of mustard gas by the Germans against the British in the Second Battle of Ypres increased the horror of this war. (WW1 timeline). Valery wrote from a position of intellectual and emotional shell-shock. The scope and terror of the war left him questioning everything, and he was afraid: â€Å"We modern civilizations have learned to recognize that we are mortal like the others.† He was no longer complacent about the death of past cultures: â€Å"†¦through the misty bulk of history, huge vessels once laden with riches and learning†¦were no concern of ours.† The mind, Valery wrote, is deeply injured and may not recover from the shock of its realization that there is no longer the buffer of time. Civilization could end at any moment. The Lost Generation epitomizes the feelings of British intellectuals in WW One’s aftermath. Hugh Dalton writes of his frien d Rupert Brooke â€Å"with his passing, a bright light seemed to go out of my life, and a bright hope of the future† (The Lost Generation).

Juwan howard case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juwan howard case study - Essay Example community and had a large number of fans. Because of Howard’s qualifications, when he became a free agent in July 1996, several teams became interested in recruiting him including Pat Riley of the Miami Heat. Howard was represented by David Falk of the Falk Associates Management Enterprises (FAME) and his partner lawyer Curtis Polk. The Bullets through its General Manager, Wes Unseld made an offer for seven-years for $78.4 million which amounted to $136,000 per game during the 2002-2003 season (Brubaker & Asher, 2007). Although Howard wanted to remain a Bullet, he was not happy with the offer because he knew that he was worth more than $78.4 million; thus, together with Falk they sought offers from the other NBA teams. The Miami Heat’s opening bid through Riley was $84 million over seven years which later increased to $91 million plus $3.5 million in bonuses and other perks. The Bullets then increased their bid to $84 million which was still unacceptable to Howard. At t his point, Howard admitted that his top choice was the Heat but he wanted to up their offer so he still was not accepting any deal. His move was successful because the final deal was closed at $100.8 million in cash plus perks. This contract however was voided by the NBA citing that the Heat exceeded its salary cap. The NBA also claimed that the Heat had signed an agreement with Alonzo Mourning before the contract with Howard and that the bonuses of two other players were excluded from the cap which should not have been the case. So on August 5, 1996 after several heated negotiations, Howard was back with the Bullets after signing a seven-year contract worth $105 million. There are several benefits, both tangible and intangible, among the players in the negotiation contract of Howard. For Howard, the intangible benefit of the negotiation of his contract was that it was a measure of his true worth as an NBA star player. He gained a sense of fulfillment and pride from just knowing tha t there are several teams interested in his services. A $205 million total contract offer from two top teams in the NBA was a real boost to his ego. Also, another intangible benefit for Howard was the fame he got from the negotiations. He was adored by numerous fans so the Bullets came up with an advertisement in the Washington Post which promised the fans that they will do everything to keep Howard in Washington. The tangible benefits that he gained from the negotiations are the financial rewards and other bonuses and perks that were offered to him including hotel suites and limousine service. If Unseld is successful at having Howard accept the Bullets’ offer, the team will benefit from the outstanding performance of Howard. Their fans will continue to support them, meaning more revenues for them. Howard can motivate again his other team members and hopefully lead them into winning more games that will bring them closer to the championship. On the other hand, the benefit for Riley if his offer is accepted by Howard is that the Heat will have another star player in the team which will make them the team to beat in the NBA. Riley will gain much publicity and will earn him the respect among basketball enthusiasts, being the coach of

Charles & Ray Eames Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Charles & Ray Eames - Movie Review Example Finally, their refusal to accept art/architecture, and function at face value meant that they had a unique ability to think outside the box and incorporate new and oftentimes unthought-of designs into objects as mundane as furniture or as complex as modern representation of minimalistic art (Schinler 1). It was further interesting that the documentary noted that it was difficult to pin down exactly what Ray and Charles Eames were. This fact in and of itself is highly useful for the viewer to understand the fact that the artists themselves did not consider themselves to be constrained by a singular definition with relation to being an architect, artist, designer, or any other such label which would only serve to constrain the artistic endeavors that the pair regularly engaged upon. Further, the documentary noted that the pair could be viewed as the Google of their time; as they were so revolutionary and so creative that they continually wowed their clients with the designs that they could come up with. Schinler, Sarah. "A Rare Look At The Eames Offices Graphic Design." Co.Design. N.p., 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.

LABOR ROOM ACCOMMODATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN TAGUM CITY

LABOR ROOM ACCOMMODATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN TAGUM CITY PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Comfort is a concept that has a strong association with nursing. Nurses traditionally provide comfort to patients and their families through interventions that can be called comfort measures. The intentional comforting actions of nurses strengthen patients and their families. Caring is about how nurses do their work. The effects of caring are difficult to measure; the effects of comfort interventions (including caring) are measureable(http://www.thecomfortline.com/FAQ.html#beginnings).   Date  Retrieved May 20,2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospital has been the traditional setting for providing care for people. These individuals were admitted to the hospital and were not discharged until they were fully recovered or had used all of the service available within the hospitals (Fundamentals of Nursing Taylor et al. 1993). Hospital specifically in labor room is  in which women in labor are monitored prior to delivery (http://www.pregnology.com/AZ/L/1). Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical comfort include deficit in physiological mechanism that are disrupted or at risk because of an illness or invasive procedure.Social comfort can get through family, friends co-workers, society and relationship with all of the above. Environmental needs include orderliness, quiet, comfortable, furniture, minimal oders and safety as far as is possible in the setting. Psychospiritual comfort needs include the needs of motivation and trust in order for the family to rise above or more peacefully through the discomfort of painful procedure or trauma that cannot be immediately relieved. (Kolcaba).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Todays findings, based on responses 10 NHS health trust, were obtained by the conservatives who attached the government for failing to deliver world-class maternity care for women in London, shadow health secretary Andrew Lasey said, new mothers should not be put through the trauma of giving birth in such inappropriate places. A Washington hospital there were six reported case last year (2008) where babies were born on the antecital ward because of delivery rooms on labor ward (http:www.thisisLondon.comVIC) Date Retrieved, February 22, 2010. Birth Center is designed to provide a comforting, safe experience for every patient during labor. The intrapartum nurses on our unit are attentive to specific patient requests and are recognized for their competence and expertise as key health care providers. Their goal is a safe and healthy delivery for every woman. A large percentage of our direct care nursing staff is nationally certified in their field of expertise and several staff members are also Masters prepared nationally certified nurse midwives. In addition to a highly experienced staff, we also have the pleasure of working with Portland Doulas who are available to support our patients  (http://www.ohsu.edu/) Date Retrieved, May 20,2010 In the hospital of Cebu Puericulture Center and Maternity House all labor-delivery-recovery rooms (LDRs) are designed to accommodate the birthing process from labor through delivery and recovery of mother and baby. Equipment is moved into the room as needed, rather than moving the patient to the equipped room. Each labor room shall contain a hand washing facility and have access to a toilet room. One toilet room may serve two labor rooms. Labor rooms shall have controlled access with doors that are arranged for observation from a nursing station. At least one shower (which may be separate from the labor room if under staff control) for use of patients in labor shall be provided. Windows in labor rooms, shall be located, draped, or otherwise arranged, to preserve patient privacy from casual observation from outside the labor room. Labor room size should be determined by analyzing the needs of the resident(s) to move about the room in a wheelchair, gain access to at least one side of h er bed, turn and wheel around the bed, equipment, including chair, stretcher, and IV stand (http://mapiles.com/cebu-puericulture-center-and-maternity-house-inc/) Date Retrieved, May 24, 2010. The Labor Room of Davao Regional Hospital, Apokon Tagum City is described as one of the most over-populated areas inside the hospital because without complication 3 cms. and up will enter the labor room if with complications they will directly enter the labor room. There were 10 beds available, if a woman belongs to OB ward she will share the bed to another woman; however, if a woman belongs to private rooms she needs not to share the bed to another woman. DRH is considered as one of the tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. In which, this usually has a full complement of services. Since, Davao Regional Hospital cannot say No to patients because it is a public, government establishment. They cannot control the increasing number of patients that were being admitted. Because of that matter pregnant women is subjected to physical, social, environmental and psychospiritual discomfort. The researchers desire to conduct this study because we anticipated that the comfort of pregnant women needs to be studied further if the number of admitted patient influences the comfort. Furthermore, the problem affects the wide variety of pregnant women in Davao Regional Hospital, Tagum City since they are the one who will be deliberated with their situation inside the labor room, because this problem occurs especially if it is a government establishment. Statement of the Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study aims to determine the relationship between labor room accomodation and comfort of pregnant women in Davao Regional Hospital, Tagum City. Specifically, this study will answer  Ã‚  the following questions: What is the extent of labor room accomodation in terms of: 1.1 Bed assignment 1.2 Nursing assistance 2. What is the level of comfort of pregnant women in terms of: 2.1 Physical 2.2 Social 2.3 Environmental 2.4 Psychospiritual   Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Is there significant difference on the extent of labor room accomodation when analyzed according to:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1 Parity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2 Hospital room accomodation   Ã‚  4. Is there a significant difference on the level of comfort of pregnant women when analyzed according to:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.1 Parity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.2 Hospital room accomodation   5. Is there a significant relationship between the extent  Ã‚  of  Ã‚  labor room accomodation and the level of comfort of pregnant women. Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the labor room accomodation and the level of comfort of pregnant women. There is no significant difference on the extent of labor room accommodation when analyzed according to parity and hospital room accommodation. There is no significant difference on the level of comfort of pregnant women when analyzed according to parity and hospital room accommodation. There is no significant relationship between the extent of labor room accommodation and the level of comfort of pregnant women. Review of Related Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several and varied sources were used and read to gather relevant literature and research. Professional books, journals, periodicals and related research were found valuable sources of articles worthy of being included in the chapter. These article were valuable in the construction of research instruments. Moreover, they helped  Ã‚  enriched the  Ã‚  contents of such. Bed Assignment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hospital address capacity issues in a number of ways. A common approach is to seek licensure for more beds an expensive investment. Expanding bed capacity through licensure may be necessary. But incorporating a bed management system is a less costly solution that makes better use of existing resources. Bed management systems maximize existing capacity by efficiently moving patients through care delivery. Bed manages systems provides nurses data necessary to assess performance measures based on activity, thus increasing resource of effectiveness.(Technology alleviates bed management woes by: Pam Parker, RN, C, BSN, MBA; Nursing Management 2005) Date Retrieved, May 21, 2010. Federal health planners proposed a series standards for most of the nations hospitals that they said would reduce the number of unneeded beds by 100,00 over the next seven years. The standards, which are aimed at further constraining almost runaway hospital charges, would limit acute care hospital beds to four per 1, 000 persons throught the country and set a minimum level of 80 percent occupancy in general hospitals in an effort to force the closing of inefficient and expensive facilities. The specifics of the proposals are also intended in the interests of efficiency to concentrate obstetrical and pediatric services in fewer hospitals and reduce the numbers of high cost (http://news.google.com/newspapers) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. The bed must be adjustable that can be lowered or raised to the position to make you feel more comfy while laboring. So while setting yourself in your delivery or labor room and you dont want using pain relief be sure to pray first and offer all the things that will happen at that moment then have a relaxation and breathing techniques, find comfortable position while in labor, listen to soft and romantic music. Think of good memories with your love ones and think something that makes you smile to ease your pain in laboring. Always think positive so that you can manage the pain (http://www.helium.com/items/1809340-what-to-expect-in-the-labor-room) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Nearly all hospitalized laboring women spend most of the time in bed. We made simple but radical modifications to a hospital labor room, which included the removal of the standard hospital bed and the addition of equipment to promote relaxation, mobility, and calm (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19489810) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. The investigators noted that the bed is a major reason for lack of mobility. Its prominence conveys that it is the appropriate place for laboring women, and a woman in bed offers ready access for interventions, an observation backed up by research. (http://rixarixa.blogspot.com/2009/07/beds-and-birth-rooms.html) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Nursing Assistance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a pregnant trauma patient presents, nurses face and unusual situation; there may be two injured patients, one inside the another. As nurses, we must asses and treat one patient whose body has been anatomically and physiologically change by pregnancy and another whom we cannot see, touch, inserted an IV catheter into, or place an oxygen mask on. Its essential that we understand the changes associated with pregnancy, which can affect both the nature of an injury and  Ã‚  the body respones to it, and their implication in the assessment and treatment of both patients. (Prauma in pregnancy by: Laura M. Criddle, PWD, RN, CEN, CRN, FAEN) Date Retrieved, May 21, 2010 The labor nurse is responsible for monitoring, blood work, vaginal exams, paperwork and many things that you need for giving birth. She is your direct connection to your doctor or midwife and informing them how your labor is going on. She can also give you some suggestions for comfort in your labor from positioning to medications. (http://www.helium.com/items/1809340-what-to-expect-in-the-labor-room) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. In todays  hospitals  and extended care facilities a nurse assistant is an important part of a health care team that includes many personnel outside of  nurses. Nurse assistants are needed to provide routine care so that nurses can provide care that only they can perform, as outlined by each states Nurse Practice Acts. The nurse assistant must not only be very skilled in the actual  procedures  being performed but must also be able to observe a patients condition and report that information back to the nurse. Due to other responsibilities, the nurse cannot spend large amounts of time in the room with the patient so the nurse assistant is often referred to as the nurses eyes and ears (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_nursing_assistant) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Nurse-midwives are registered nurses with advanced training in care of obstetric patients. They provide care for about 6% of the birth in the United States and Canada (ventura et al. 1998). Nurse-midwives may practice with physicians or independently and with an arrangement for a physician back up. They usually see low risk obstetrics patients .( Wong et al. 2002) Nursing assistance has a traditional role and a professional role to fulfill: of clinical assessment of the progress of labor and physical status of mother and fetus. In addition, emotional support is provided by expressing caring and dependability as well as being an advocate for the childbearing woman if needed.   They should display a tolerant non-judgmental attitude, ensuring that the woman is accepted whatever her reactions to labour may be. Women who feel in control of their own bodies, who retain control of their behavior and who feel they have an active part in decision making have a more satisfactory birth experience. (Green et la 1990, Lindow et l 1998, Wallace et al 1995). Physical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bed rest is often prescribed to pregnant women who shows signs of distress of preterm labor, despite of evidenced of its effectiveness in preventing adverse outcomes. Although often thought of as benign, bed rest may include many psychologic and metabolic changes related to musculoskeletal reconditioning. The long term effects of bed rest need to be better understood, and woman who have been on bed rest may need close assessment and rehabilitation to facilitate a return to function and prevent injury (http;//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/436416). Date Retrieved, February 25, 2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Back pain during late pregnancy is a frequent clinical problem. Very little is known about the impact of this symptom on the quality of life among pregnant women with back pain. The objective of the study is to know the influence of back pain and physical ability on quality of life in late pregnancy. Irrespective of back pain the pregnant women studied featured lower quality of life (QOL) compared with published data on healthy women. Among the women with back problems, who had the most impaired QOL, the factors affecting QOL were mostly related to physical ability (http;//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pbmed/10789670) Date Retrieved, February 25, 2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All women stated they were physically supported by their female companions. Examples of this physical help included position changing, massaging, and help with walking them to the bathroom. The majority ( n=18) of women stated that the presence of their female relative helped facilitate communicating their wishes and needs to the care providers. The remaining seven women stated that the presence of their female support relative created some minor conflict with midwives, who seemed to view the relatives as interfering  with the process of care. (Enkin, M., Keriese, M., Neilson, J., Crowther, C., Duley, L., Hodnett, E., et al. (2000). Previous research has shown that intrapartum practices in Jordan are not always based on the best on the best evidenced in the literature (Khresheh; Kresheh et al., 2007; Sweidan et al., 2008). Women in the sample expected poor support from their healthcare professionals, but when allowed to have support in labor from family members, they readjusted their expectations and had a more positive experience (Dahlen et al., 2008) The physical support provided by the female companion encouraged this sample of pregnant woman to relax. This may reduce their stress response resulting in an improved pattern of labor ( Taylor et al., 2000). The physiological dimension addresses factors that affect the clients physical status, such as rest and relaxation, treatment of medical condtions, level of nutrition and hydration, and elimination of wastes (Kolcaba, 1992a, p. 34). Physical comfort encompassed all the physiological ramifications of medical problems, which may or may not result in physical sensations immediately. Example of some necessary condtions for physical comfort, in this board sense, are homeostatic mechanism such as fluid/electrolyte balance, stable and normal blood chemistries, adequate oxygen saturation, and other metabolic indicators of health. An additional insight about physical comfort came form Hamiltons comfort theme of positioning. The importance of this type of comfort was prominent in ergonomics and was associated with increased function and productivity (http://books.google.com.ph/books). Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Social   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The friendliness and caring of all staff members was central in achieving social comfort. This included their approach and attitudes, continuity of care and a meaningful schedule of events and activites. In such instances, where patients have a limited network of support, nurses may be the most important source of social comfort and therapeutic use of self may enhance comfort more than nurses might realize. Nurses and other team members can facilitate social comfort of the family unit, however, by making them feel at home, important, intelligent and valued. (http://books.google.com.ph/books). Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Many studies have provided evidence about the positive influences that women experience when receiving labor support from a companion present during birth. Sauls 2002 published an overview of the randomized controlled trials related to the effectiveness of labor support on birth and maternal outcomes, reporting that all studies found benefits; the most powerful beneficial effects occurred when support was provided by a birth companion rather than by a health professional. Other studies of laboring have also identified the positive effects of help given by a support companion who was present and provided verbal encouragement (Parpinelli Osis, 2007). A supportive companion has been shown to have a possitive influence on the womans satisfaction with the birth process, and does not interfere with other events, interventions, or neonatal outcome, or breastfeeding. The evidence for the effectiveness of support in labor is strong enough for the World Health Organization to have recommended that woman in labor must be accompanied by people with whom she feels comfortable and trusts ( Bruggemann, , Cecatti, Neto, 2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is scarcity of evidence on the effects of the presence of companion during the birth process in developing countries. In a larger part of this current study (Kresheh, 2008), a total of 226 nulliparous women who were admitted to Al-karak government hospital for birth were asked if they wanted a female relative to stay with them. Findings showed significant effects on labor and birth outcomes, with less use of pharmacologic pain relief, and improvement in the womens general perception of their birth experience (World Health Organization. 2007). Detractors form social comfort include isolation form family, disregard for cultural traditions, uncaring or anxious nursing behaviors, fragmented care, lack of nursing care when desired, poor social support, and limited resources for ongoing care at home after discharge (http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/12/sample-resear-2.html) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Environmental   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clearly, the right environment for healing and health promotion was considered an important source of comfort by nurses interested in holistic care. Today, environmental comfort is a key aspect of units specifically designed to promote physical and cognitive function of hospitalized persons (http://books.google.com.ph/books? ) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. There are more than 4 million chemical mixtures in homes and businesses in this country, with little information on the effects most of them during pregnancy. However, a few are known to be harmful to an unborn baby. Most of these are found in the workplace, but certain environmental pollutants found in air and water, as well as chemicals used at home, may pose as risk during pregnancy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A pregnant woman can inhale these chemicals, ingest them in food or drink, or, in some cases, absorb them through the skin. For most hazardous substances, a pregnant woman would have to be exposed to a large amount for a long time in order for them to harm her baby. Most workplace have preventive measures to help make sure this doesnt happen. Pregnant women can take steps to help protect themselves and their babies from pollutants and potentially risky chemicals used at home. (http://www.marchofdimes.com/aboutus/681_9146.asp) Date Retrieved, December 19, 2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since almost all non-pharmacological methods of pain relief require you to relax in some ways, having an environment that promotes relaxation can improve your chances of laboring without medication. Even if you choose to use medication during your labor, the environment sets the tone for your labor and may play a part in your mood. (http://www.birthingnaturally.net/birthplan/options/environment.html) Date Retrieved, December 19, 2010. Factors in the environment that distract form pregnant womens comfort are cold, noise, chaos, endless bright lights, bad odors, lack of privacy and uncomfortable stretchers, chairs, and beds. Unmet safety need can detract form comfort and include a lack of properly functioning equipment, security problems, security hazards, inaacurate care poor aseptic/sterile techniques resulting in nosocomial infections and medication or treatment errors. Freeing patients form restraints and restrictive devices such as intravenous lines, noninvasive monitors and intermittent, rather than continuous, monitoring when appropriate (http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/12/sample-resear-2.html) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. The labor room should be such that the woman is not considered is not constrained by lack of privacy or lack of supports such as cushions and beds from adopting her preferred position. In a hospital environment, it may help to move the labor from its traditional place in the middle of the room, and to place other support such as cushions and birth balls the room so that the mother is free to roam from one to another as the labor dictates. Low lighting and music of her choice may help the woman to see a safe and secure place to give birth. Minimizing unnecessary intrusion by the other   member of staff is essential.(Fraser et al.2003) Psychospiritual Anxiety is a major distractor form psychospiritual comfort and some include in this context are confusing, incomplete or negative information; threatening diagnoses; fear and the prspect of a change in routine or health status (http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/12/sample-resear-2.html) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Hamiltons second comfort theme was self-esteem, including faith in God, being independent, feeling relaxed, being informed and feeling useful. The contexts of pyschological and spiritual comfort are combined to form psychospirtual context. Psychospiritual comfort includes mental, emotional, and spiritual components of self. The definition that has evolved is whatever gives life meaning for an inidvial and entails self-esteem, self-concept, sexuality and ones relationship to a higher order or being. (Kolcaba, K., 1997). Parity Traditionally,  elder or mature pregnant women are believed to have more adverse pregnancy outcomes  than younger pregnant women. In fact, the great majority of  the medical literature concerning late childbearing relates  to women between the ages of 35-40 years. However, many   of these studies showed the pregnancy performance and neonatal  outcome among the group of mothers aged >35 years are similar  to those of younger age (Kirz  et al., 1985; Ho  et al., 1986).  These findings therefore constitute a challenge to the current  definition of advanced maternal age, which uses 35 years as  the cut-off point with reference to the age-related effects  on pregnancy outcome. The primiparous mothers had a higher incidence of antepartum  hemorrhage and hypertensive disorder. The factors influencing birth experience as acceptable were multiparous women (Para 2-3) in 128 (68.08%) cases; primigravidas in 61 (80.26%) cases, study have shown that the pain threshold of pregnant women differs from the number of birth experiences. Furthermore, labour pain is nearly a universal experience for childbearing women but threshold of this pain varies between individuals (http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=2106) Date Retrieved, May 24, 2010. Hospital room Accommodation   In some countries a labor companion is not allowed for cultural or other reasons (policy does not allow, place too crowded, no privacy, bad advice from companion etc). It was discussed and agreed that there is need for midwives to use their knowledge and scientific evidence available to influence policy to ensure that in those countries where companions are not allowed, this can be considered. In those countries where the companion is allowed but not permitted into the labor ward because they give bad advice, the midwives were challenged to ensure that the companion is given adequate information before the labor starts so that the companion becomes more positive and helpful during labor.  Ã‚  http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2005/ICM_report_eng.pdf) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. According to the CHCAAs interpretation, the Ontario Health Insurance Act requires that public hospital must provide overnight accommodation at the standard ward level at no charge to the patient. In addition, The Canada Health Act states that all Canadians are entitled to the level of accommodation required by the patients medical condition at no charge. Funding including Federal Transfer Payments for these scenarios is provided to the hospitals by the province (http://www.chcaa.org/education/HospitalWP.pdf) Date Retrieved, May 23, 2010. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework In the theory of comfort by Katharine Kolcaba staes that the comfort is a concept that has a strong association with nursing. Nurses traditionally provide comfort to patients and their families through interventions that can be called comfort measures. The international comforting actions of nurses strengthen patients and their families ( who can be found into their own homes, in hospitals, agencies, communities, states and nations ). When patients and families are strengthened by actions of health care personnel (nurses ), they can be engage in health seeking behavior. (http://www.thecomfortline.com/comfort-theory.html) The researcher anchored this theory in their research since the dependent variable in this research is comfort. Basically the main topic here is about the comfort that the mothers in the labor room are experiencing. every patient in the hospital deserves to have comfort. Kolcaba derived the contexts in which comfort is experienced form the literature of holism and she defined them as physical, psychospiritual, environmental and social. The physical comfort pertains to the bodily sensations. Psychospiritual relate to internal awareness of self, including esteem, self-concept, sexuality and meaning in life, relationship to a higher order or being. Environmental have relevance to external surroundings, conditions and influences. Social appertain to interpersonal, family and societal relationships. In this research, the researchers are trying to find out the relationship of lack of beds in the comfort of pregnant women in the labor room of Davao Regional Hospital Tagum City. Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. It consist of three variables. The Independent variable is the labor room accommodation and the dependent variable is the comfort of pregnant women. The moderators are the parity and ward.   Independent variable Dependent varieable Comfort of Pregnant Women Physical Comfort Social Comfort Environmental Comfort Psychospiritual Comfort Labor Room Accommodation Bed assignment Nursing Assistance   Parity Hospital Room Accommodation   Moderator  variable   Figure 1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study Significance of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study will give benefits and useful information to people in the field of nursing particularly: Pregnant women:  the outcome of the study will help them obtain their desired comfort when in labor. Nurses:  Ã‚  The outcome of the study will give them the knowledge the value of comfort of Pregnant women. Administration:  Ã‚  The outcome of the study will recognize adjustment to cater and to give genuine care for all the pregnant women. Student Nurses:  The outcome fo the study will assist them to provide more extensive comfort of pregnant women appropriately. Definition of terms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For easy understanding, in the study the following major terms are herein defined conceptually and operationally. Labor room accomodation. The labor room should be such that the woman is not considered is not constrained by lack of privacy or lack of supports such as cushions and beds from adopting her preferred position. In a hospital environment, it may help to move the labor from its traditional place in the middle of the room, and to place other support such as cushions and birth balls I the room so that the mother is free to roam from one to another as the labor dictates. Low lighting and music of her choice may help the woman to see a safe and secure place to give birth. Minimizing unnecessary intrusion by the other   member of staff is essential.(Fraser et al.2003). In our study, it refers to the intrapartal care received by the pregnant women in Davao Regional Hospital. Bed assignment. Hospital beds are electrically operated. The staff will show you how to work your bed properly. Your hospital bed is probably higher and narrower than your bed at home, and includes bedside rails for your protection. The rails may be raised for your safety or at your request, if youre resting, recovering from surgery or taking certain medications. http://www.multicare.org/allenmore/hospital-amenities/ In our study, beds are classified as to what hospital room accommodation is choosen. Nursing assistance.  The Nursing Assistant is an important member of the health care team who often holds a high level of experience and ability, but without qualification is unable to often perform some tasks due to issues of liability and legality.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_nursing_assistant. In our study, it focuses on the maternity care from which the pregnant women is subjected inside the labor room until she is

Consumerism Essay -- consumer movement

In the fourth era of the consumer movement, the key marketplace features include concern for the environment, increasingly complex technology, a diverse market, and a global market. Concern for the environment has manifested itself in a number of different ways. One example is the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which caused many consumers to become disappointed in Exxon. Exxon has had to work at improving its environmental image after this accident, and there are still individuals who will not buy gas at Exxon as a result of Exxon’s handling of this situation. There has been a trend in the past ten years or so to protect the environment and to also buy products that are more natural and environmentally sound. In our era, Fresh Fields, a supermarket that has sells organic and more natural products, has prospered because of consumers’ interests in buying food that is not contaminated by pesticides, chemicals, and other non-natural ingredients. Interestingly enough, a news report last week on TV indicated that organic produce, which is more expensive than regular produce, may actually be more dangerous to consume because it is fertilized with manure that contains E. Coli bacteria. There may be a consumer backlash against organic products if they are shown to pose a danger to the consumer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complex technology, has also been a key marketplace feature of the fourth era of the consumer movement. Through the Internet, it is possible to buy even the most obscure goods and services, often at prices which are significantly less expensive than at a retail establishment. However, the Internet also presents serious risks to the consumer. The Clinton administration recently announced that it is proposing legislation that will address the illegal sale of drugs via the Internet. It is now possible to purchase prescription drugs though Internet companies, by placing the orders online. However, this practice is not sufficiently regulated, and consumers may be getting medicines that would ordinarily require close supervision by a personal physician, without having adequate medical supervision when they buy through the Internet. It is very easy to do an Internet search for Internet drug companies, some of which are located overseas (especially in Asia, Mexico and Europe), and find companies which sell Viagra, Xenical, Propec... ...r safeguards to protect the interests of the consumer. The FDA, for example, did not exist at the turn of the 19th Century. There were no regulations or laws to protect the environment. People were generally at the mercy of businesses, large and small, that could make claims about their products and services even if these claims were misleading or untrue. The activism in the beginning of the consumer movement was revolutionary, because this activism introduced and established the idea that consumers have rights and must be treated justly by business. Consumer activism is no longer a revolutionary idea, but it is more prevalent than it was fifty years ago. Consumer activism, in this day and age, actually is ubiquitous. Now, we think of consumer activism as a normal part of business. We buy Consumer Reports, check the Internet to compare products and prices, and engage in political activism for the purpose of preserving consumer rights. Moreover, businesses have become much more se nsitive to the needs and wants of consumers. Consumer reaction has a great impact on the way that companies operate today, and business have learned that consumers wield great power in today’s marketplace. Consumerism Essay -- consumer movement In the fourth era of the consumer movement, the key marketplace features include concern for the environment, increasingly complex technology, a diverse market, and a global market. Concern for the environment has manifested itself in a number of different ways. One example is the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which caused many consumers to become disappointed in Exxon. Exxon has had to work at improving its environmental image after this accident, and there are still individuals who will not buy gas at Exxon as a result of Exxon’s handling of this situation. There has been a trend in the past ten years or so to protect the environment and to also buy products that are more natural and environmentally sound. In our era, Fresh Fields, a supermarket that has sells organic and more natural products, has prospered because of consumers’ interests in buying food that is not contaminated by pesticides, chemicals, and other non-natural ingredients. Interestingly enough, a news report last week on TV indicated that organic produce, which is more expensive than regular produce, may actually be more dangerous to consume because it is fertilized with manure that contains E. Coli bacteria. There may be a consumer backlash against organic products if they are shown to pose a danger to the consumer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complex technology, has also been a key marketplace feature of the fourth era of the consumer movement. Through the Internet, it is possible to buy even the most obscure goods and services, often at prices which are significantly less expensive than at a retail establishment. However, the Internet also presents serious risks to the consumer. The Clinton administration recently announced that it is proposing legislation that will address the illegal sale of drugs via the Internet. It is now possible to purchase prescription drugs though Internet companies, by placing the orders online. However, this practice is not sufficiently regulated, and consumers may be getting medicines that would ordinarily require close supervision by a personal physician, without having adequate medical supervision when they buy through the Internet. It is very easy to do an Internet search for Internet drug companies, some of which are located overseas (especially in Asia, Mexico and Europe), and find companies which sell Viagra, Xenical, Propec... ...r safeguards to protect the interests of the consumer. The FDA, for example, did not exist at the turn of the 19th Century. There were no regulations or laws to protect the environment. People were generally at the mercy of businesses, large and small, that could make claims about their products and services even if these claims were misleading or untrue. The activism in the beginning of the consumer movement was revolutionary, because this activism introduced and established the idea that consumers have rights and must be treated justly by business. Consumer activism is no longer a revolutionary idea, but it is more prevalent than it was fifty years ago. Consumer activism, in this day and age, actually is ubiquitous. Now, we think of consumer activism as a normal part of business. We buy Consumer Reports, check the Internet to compare products and prices, and engage in political activism for the purpose of preserving consumer rights. Moreover, businesses have become much more se nsitive to the needs and wants of consumers. Consumer reaction has a great impact on the way that companies operate today, and business have learned that consumers wield great power in today’s marketplace.

Ethnographic Methods

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research I am going to look at the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research. Ethnography is in-depth research into people’s lives through the use of primary data such as Observations and Interviews, and also secondary data such as diaries, and official documents. The first method of research I am going to look at is a primary research method that is unstructured interviews.There are a few advantages to unstructured interviews such as; if a researcher is going to conduct and unstructured interview then the participant is more likely to discuss sensitive information with them, this is because they may feel that the interviewer is sympathetic and understanding and so are more likely to open up towards them. Another advantage is that it allows people to explain their answers further if they need to, for example with questionnaires the person answering may not be able to explain why they put that answer, and so their point is not put across as they would like to have been.There are also some disadvantages to unstructured interviews such as it takes time and can cost a lot of money; although this method is very effective at finding out detailed information about a person and their life, it can take a lot of time to conduct an interview and even longer as it is unstructured so the interviewer can ask as many questions as they like; it could cost quite a lot as you might need to hire an office to do so, and if you need to interview a lot of people over a few days the cost could rise very quickly.Also interview bias is another disadvantage; this means that the interviewer can ask questions that can influence the answer, which then affects the outcome of the results. Interviewer bias can be illustrated through the use of leading questions for example â€Å"Do you get on well with your boss? † this question can make the intervie wee question their relationship with their boss, and subtly raises the prospect that maybe they don’t get on with their boss.Another method of primary research covert observation, this involves the researcher joining the group that they are studying, and in covert observation the researcher does not tell them or allow them to find out their true identity. There are some advantages to covert observation such as it has high validity, as the researcher gets first-hand information about the people they are studying.This is a major advantage to covert observation because if this was done by someone else it may not be on the exact same topic and so not all the information they need is there. Another advantage of this method is that it avoids the observer effect, which is that people change their behaviour when they know they are being observed, and this would not show a true reflection of what they are really like.Some disadvantages to covert observation is that the participants ar e unaware of the experiment and so this is an ethical issue, as some people may not have wanted to be a part of the experiment, and if they find out that they are they could try and sue the researcher. Another disadvantage of this method is that the researcher could become influenced by the group and when writing their findings down it could be in favour or prejudiced against the group.

Classical Empires Dbq

DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION: Daoism-Buddhism Directions The following question is based on the accompanying documents. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise). The question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: †¢ Has relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. †¢ Uses all or all but one of the documents. †¢ Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible and does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account both the sources of the documents and the authors’ points of view. Essay Prompt Analyze the similarities and differences between the two religions, and what makes these religions unique. Based on the following documents, discuss classical empires. What types of additional documentation would help determine the benefits and difficulties of running classical empires? Historical Background Buddhism and Taoism are both mainly centered in eastern China, and many people are confused between the two. Not very many people understand whatBuddhists stand for, but many people only know they live to find meaning, and to reach nirvana. Taoists look to end the sufferings in life. Document 1 Document 2 Document 3 Document 4 Document 5 Document 6 Document 7 Document 7 Document 8 Citations http://www. sacred-texts. com/bud/btg/btg03. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Taijitu http://www. wadsworth. com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/matthews_world/content/map_91. html http://www. diffen. com/difference/Buddhism_vs_Taoism http://www. accesstoinsight. org/lib/authors/bogoda/wheel397. html http://www. chebucto. ns. ca/Philosophy/Taichi/taoism. tml http://www. chebucto. ns. ca/Philosophy/Taichi/taoism. html http://www. buzzle. com/articles/taoism-beliefs. html & http://buddhismbeliefs. org/ ———————– Robert Bogoda, A Simpl e Guide to Life, 1994 To make the best use of our human potential, we need not only a practical aim in life, but a life plan for achieving that aim. The preceding two sections of this essay show the groundwork for developing a proper sense of values, the values essential for gaining happiness, success, and security within the mundane life and for progressing towards the ultimate goal of the Buddhist path, Nibbana.While we walk along the path to liberation, as laypeople we have to live in the world, and our immediate objective will be to make our life in the world both a means to worldly success and a stepping-stone to final liberation. [pic] Lama Surya Das, Buddhism Plain and Simple This picture depicts the god of Buddhism, Buddha. In this picture he can be seen as a calm, wise, and intelligent man. He seems like he just might be meditating. This is the way of Buddha, being wise, kind, and finding meaning in life. This is the way many Buddhists believe they should be.Tai Chi Chuan, Taoism and the Philosophy The religious current of Taoism evolved its own pantheon of deities that were worshipped in temples by the various sects. These Taoist deities, like the Buddhist or Hindu pantheon, represented different qualities and attributes and various ceremonies, depending on circumstances were conducted to appeal to them. Unlike most religions, Taoism has more than one religious figure. In fact, they have about 27 deities, which all stand for different individual things, such as pure ones, immortals, the 3 officials, and many more.Tai Chi Chuan, Taoism and the Philosophy A Taijitu, the main symbol of the Taoist spirituality. Please note however, that the true Taijitu symbol shows the white (or red) spiral on the top, so that the dividing line creates a backwards S shape. Yin and yang are not opposing forces (dualities), but complementary forces, unseen (hidden, feminine) and seen (manifest, masculine), that interact to form a greater whole, as part of a dynamic system . Everything has both yin and yang aspects as light could not be understood if darkness didn't exist, and shadow cannot exist without light. pic] Paul Carus, Buddha, the Gospel, 1909 All compound things shall be dissolved again, worlds will break to pieces and our individualities will be scattered; but the words of Buddha will remain for ever. The extinction of self is salvation; the annihilation of self is the condition of enlightenment; the blotting out of self is Nirvana. Major beliefs of Taoism Major beliefs of Buddhism Taoism has the same worldview as Confucianism or ancient Chinese folk religion. Its philosophy operates within the same paradigms. It celebrates man's association and interdependency with nature.Moving on to a wider plane, the relationship between religion and the universe takes the form of veneration, which lies beyond the confines of time and space, ancestor worship and belief in the sovereign. The principles on which the system thrives even today include Ch'i, Feng Shui, interdependency between life and death, the Eight Immortals and the Ultimate Reality. Life exists in itself – there is no inherent meaning attached to life. However – as all human beings (and animals) wish for happiness and not to suffer – the purpose of life may be said to end that suffering.Buddhism teaches that in an interconnected world, all actions have consequences (karma). The consequences of acts undertaken in this and earlier lifetimes will be felt in a next one, in a process known as reincarnation. It is a Buddhist aim to educate oneself and meditate in order to escape from this cycle of rebirth, to enter Nirvana. | |Buddhism |Taoism | |Geographical predominance: |Tibet, Sri Lanka, North America. |Asia, North America. |Goal of religion: |To gain enlightenment and nirvana. |To gain balance in life. | |Place of origin: |Nepal, India. |China | |Principle: |Desire leads to suffering. |Taoists believe that life is good. Taoism | | | |lays emphas is on the body. | |Status of Adam: |N/A. |N/A. | |Place of worship: |Pagodas, Temples. Temple, shrine | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Warren Matthews, World Religions, [pic] In this map, Daoism, or Taoism, along with Buddhism, are mainly in the eastern portion of China. Most likely, location doesn’t have anything to due with your religion, but what is either forced on you, or which you would like to choose.

The 1908 Tunguska Explosion essays

The 1908 Tunguska Explosion essays Not much is known about the Tunguska explosion and many scientists have different opinions and theories about what could have caused such mass destruction. Pictures or painting of the event are unavailable because of the isolated area and early date of this occurrence. We should thank the Russian scientists for recording eyewitness stories and descriptions, for which we can each, infer and judge what really happened. June 30, 1908; 7:17 AM seismic vibrations were recorded as much as 1000 km by early instruments while the fiery cloud of debris and "deafening bangs" could be seen and heard nearly 500 km away. Information recorded by onlookers and witnesses reveal that a group of reindeer herders, approximately 60 km away from Ground Zero, were propelled into the air and some were even knocked unconscious from the explosion. Among the few deaths, one of the reindeer herders was blown into the air and hit a tree, hence dying from severe trauma. Witnesses from a nearby town Kirensk described the event: "A ball of fire...coming down obliquely. A few minutes later [we heard] separate deafening crash like peals of thunder...followed by eight loud bangs like gunshots." "A ball of fire appeared in the sky... As it approached the ground, it took on a flattened shape..." "A flying star with a fiery tail; its tail disappeared into the air." While one witness from the town of Vanovana, 60 km south of the explosion brilliantly described the event: ...I was sitting in the porch of the house at the trading station of Vanovara at breakfast time...when suddenly in the north...the sky was split in two and high above the forest the whole northern part of the sky appeared to be covered with fire. At that moment I felt great heat as if my shirt had caught fire; this heat came from the north side. I wanted to pull off my shirt and throw it away, but at that moment there was a bang in the sky, and a mighty crash was heard. I was...

Health care reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health care reform - Research Paper Example In the film Sicko, by Michael Moore, he looked at the inequalities that exist between the United States healthcare systems in comparison to that in other countries. The way in which he showed his argument both in the interviews as well as his actions makes a compelling argument for the inadequacy of US healthcare. While universal healthcare and non-profit systems such as in Canada and Cuba are great, however the expenses come at a price to the people. It does point out the inequalities that exist in comparing the US to other nations. The biggest shocking fact was that 9/11 victims were not being treated adequately. As a result, they had to travel to another country in order to get the aid they needed. It is an inadequacy that we are medically treating criminals and enemies of the state for free, while our own people who either can or cannot afford medical insurance are forced to try to make due with the system that is already in place. The IOM paper was able to provide a good methodo logy for the development and re-establishment of the US healthcare system. It calls for reform not only in the way in which the healthcare system works, but also in which physicians, nurses, etc. should behave and work with citizens. The focus is on treating the patient not only physically, but mentally and spiritually as well. It also calls for making healthcare more easily accessible. The biggest flaw with the article in what is needed in order to promote the changes in both medical education and hospital regulation is the monetary budget that would be required. Even if a reform was able to be funded, it would take years to completely revolutionize the system. The idea and components are sound, some of which are easier to change than others. The biggest problem with the United States healthcare is the disparities, or the inequalities that exist. One of the largest things that is emphasized in the culture and business of the United States is social Darwinism. Those that can afford healthcare and those that cannot will suffer inequalities. The example was pointed out that those with low grade health insurances usually don’t get screened for illnesses such as cancers and diabetes. This then leads to the progression of the illness which by the time it is diagnosed, it already has a high probability of mortality rate. In addition, access to certain resources and physicians is also limited by socioeconomic status. The problem with our healthcare system is the inadequacy of addressing medical concerns on a high output level. Even though technology and medical science has been increasing, there are still problems in the medical sector. Part of the problem is the training that is being received in medical school, nursing school etc. So much is put into technology and medication that the patient/doctor relationship is almost non-existent. In addition, empathy isn’t always shown to patients especially those who suffer from dehabilitating illnesses. The ci vil population also always has to deal with high insurance premiums because the price of medical treatment and medicines has increased. It is also because the malpractice insurance has also risen as a result of doctors being sued for improper medical treatment. The idea of socialized and universal healthcare is great in theory and in some societies such as Canada and Cuba, it may be possible. However, the

Case study of amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study of amazon - Essay Example In the end, Amazon.com aims to run its primary and secondary business operations under these three pillars: selection, price and convenience. Firstly, selection means providing a wider selection of products and services to three customer groups. Secondly, price means maintaining price leadership without sacrificing its product quality. Lastly, convenience means enriching the purchase decision cycle of the three customer groups from making the product selection easier to keeping efficient purchase, payment, and delivery schemes. The key to understanding the external environment of Amazon.com lies on revisiting its three customer groups. Firstly, in serving the consumer customers, Amazon.com serves both as retailer and producer. Secondly, in serving the seller customers, Amazon.com stands as retailer. And lastly, in serving the developer customers, Amazon.com acts as producer. With this, it can be claimed that the presence of Amazon.com in both digital and physical environments makes it susceptible to various macro-environmental forces, which can be observed by using two frameworks: PESTEL and Five Forces Model. Firstly, different political factors continue to influence the business operations of Amazon.com. As such, it can be said that the company does not only need to abide by the rules of honest e-commerce transactions, it must also ensure effective and efficient dealerships with the suppliers of its products and services. However, difficulty arises by the time the applicable cyber laws are considered. Since transactions happen digitally, the adoption of critical laws may or may not be based on the geographical location of the customers. Secondly, economic factors also affect the operations of Amazon.com as they comprise mainly of interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation, and exchange rates. For one, higher