Why Animals Are Used For Testing Before Humans Essay

Animal research has been practiced since early Greek times; many Greek physicians such as Aristotle and Galen used animals as models to help advance their understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology (Hajar 2011). Animal research has been a major key in the development and profound understanding of how new chemicals, medicines, and treatments work. The reasons why animals are used for testing before humans can be narrowed down to five main reasons. First, it is required by law that new medicines, chemicals, and treatments are tested on animals prior to human testing. These tests are used to help establish preliminary information that can help prepare testing for human trials (Why Animals Are Used n.d). Secondly, animal research helps researchers make technological advances in the medical community. Many basic physiological functions between animals and humans such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, sensory, and even basic cell processe s function the same, or very similarly to one another. By sharing so many similar physiological features, animals also share many of the same illnesses with humans, allowing the use of many animals as a model to better understand diseases, which is the third focal point. The use of animals as models has allowed the medical community to gain a better understanding of disease mechanism, which â€Å"leads directly to the development of new technologies and medicine that benefit both humans andShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior o r biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1673 Words   |  7 Pages8322020 Animal Slavery Imagine you being tested on what do you think that feels like ? The total amount of animals used for testing on agriculture experiments is 1.13 million. This is only in the agriculture industry. Now imagine all the other industries that allow animal testing.They’re rights are being violated and there is nothing they can do about it but just take the pain that they don’t deserve. All of this could be stopped but to stop it has to begin somewhere. Animal testing does nothingRead MoreAnimal Testing And Why It Should Continue1390 Words   |  6 PagesIsaiah Tuppince Mr. Greer English 2 October 21st, 2015 Animal Testing and Why It Should Continue Jeremy Bentham once said, â€Å"The question is not, ‘Can they reason?’ nor, ‘Can they talk?’ but ‘Can they suffer?’† Animal testing is becoming a conflict right now and I believe that Animal testing should be stopped because it is cruel and inhuman, Alternative testing technologies exist, the lack of reliability, and it is expensive. Another quote once said was by Martin Luther King Jr stating â€Å"Never, neverRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane For Diseases, And Development Of Medical Treatments983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is animal testing? Animal testing is when scientist experiment on animals to find cures for diseases, and development of medical treatments. Many animals die because of this. Majority of people don’t know what they go through and how the process is done. Animal testing is inhumane for the following: why it is done, how it is done, and when it is done. To begin with, why is it done? Animal testing is done to protect humans from bad products that may hurt them, also to find ways to cure diseasesRead MoreAnimals for Testing754 Words   |  3 Pagesapproved for human use. It is slowly and painfully dying. We use animals for testing new products, like medications and beauty products that we end up using. Why should animals be put through such pain and agony for something we need? We are selfish and think we are the superior species, so we use animals instead of us. In my opinion, animals should not be used for testing and researching new products. Each year, more than 100 million animals are killed during testing. Some of those animals end up dyingRead MoreAbolishment of Animal Testing Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pageshappens during animal testing? How the animals are treated, or what tortures they have to face on a day to day basis? More than one-hundred million animals suffer and die every year through animal testing. Ninety-five percent of animals used in experimentation aren’t even covered under the Animal Welfare Act, which regulates the treatment of the animals that are used for testing. Some animals are abused and mistreated so badly that they die before they are even experimented on. Animal testing is a cruelRead MoreEssay about Using Animals in Research and Experimentation623 Words   |  3 PagesAnimals should be used for research and Experimentation because if the animals get sick or show any signs of acting abnormal then the scientists know it isn’t safe for humans to use. Animal research has played a big role in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade. Animals have the same organ system that perform the same task, which helps determine if what is being tested is safe for humans to use. Most of the medicines animals use the same medicine as humans like antibiotics, painRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1613 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, over seventy million animals are hurt and killed due to scientific research. Many brands have taken the pledge to become cruelty free, but there are still multiple brands that are continuing to use animals to test their products. Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, often ineffective, can not detect for many diseases that humans are exposed to, and can be unsafe due to the differences between animals and humans. Animal testing has been seen as cruel and inhumane forRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing has been around since the third and fourth centuries BC, when it was performed by Greek philosopher-physicians. However, it is unknown when people began to question this process. In today’s society, the idea of testing products on animals has become more and more controversial with numerous groups being created and becoming even more vocal. While people will decide for themselves where they stand in this argument, I would hope that most would agree that animal abuse is wrong. So,Read MoreThe Cruelty That Is Endured During Animal Testing1704 Words   |  7 Pagescruelty that is endured during animal testing The testing of animals in the cosmetic industry is purely inhumane, due to the fact that the benefit of testing does not prove to be as useful to offset the negative impact it has on animals, or offset the value of alternatives testing. â€Å"The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated like nothing more than disposable laboratory equipment.† The scientist testing on animals should not treat animals like they are not living, conscious

The Effects Of Free Speech On The United States - 1729 Words

As an American citizen and a late bloomer to the political arena in the United States, I find myself arriving in an disheartening and frightening environment. Where I have suddenly awoken in a dis-utopian world of money, power and greed, where the rich elites of the population has all the power to speak up. Where money has become more out-spoken and heard than actual dialog, while the majority of the population remains silenced through underfunded attempts to express their views. Giving money the potency of free speech enables only the people with a financial mouth to resonate loud enough to be heard. Presidents, Senators, Legislators and House of Representative members are involved in the process of making policies and laws, who are†¦show more content†¦Lobbying is a way for self interest groups to persuade the outcomes of policies through discussions and research. Thurber, James PHD in political science, director and founder of the Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies and a distinguished Professor at the Public Affairs American University, acknowledges in his research paper â€Å"President Obama, Congress and the Battle with Interest Groups and Lobbyists† identifies lobbying as â€Å"fundamentally [able to] influence the way issues and problems [are] framed and ultimately the way policies are made in Washington† (3). Self interest groups and lobbyists should have power to influence through debate in the United States on domestic policies that affect U.S. citizens. However, there is a overwhelming amount of cash being poured into politics to persuade decisions. Not only from U.S. interests, but foreign interest groups are pouring millions of dollars into American lobbying groups to persuade U.S. policies that affect millions of American citizens nation wide. Many lobbying groups give foreign investors whose interests do not coincide with the American citizens, a vehicle to influence U.S. domestic policies. Julia DiLaura, an investigative journalist for the Center of Public Integrity, confirms this in her article â€Å"Foreign Governments Pay to Influence U.S. Policy†, illustrates that these

Ojt Report Free Essays

History of PC Gilmore Fast-becoming one of today’s leading computer distributors and systems integrators, PC Gilmore Computer Center, or PC Gilmore Corporation, boasts of the widest reliable brands of computer products and services of the highest quality at very low prices. In short, we are a virtual discount computer outlet store. Formed in 2001 under the original name West Avenue Computer Center, PC Gilmore started out as a computer-retailing business with a vision to deliver utmost customer satisfaction at competitive prices without compromising quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Ojt Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, this immediately impacted on its clientele base and soon thereafter, the Company expanded operations by offering systems integration solutions and internet telephony as well. It eventually branched out to Metro Manila suburbs to meet its ever-rising customer demand. Despite the rapid pace in the information technology industry, PC Gilmore has managed to keep abreast of the competition. To date, the Company has five (5) sales offices and service centers manned by dedicated and well-trained personnel to serve individuals, professionals, business offices, government entities, commercial establishments, schools and among others. These are located at: †¢PLATINUM †¢VMALL †¢CUBAO †¢WEST AVE †¢SM NORTH †¢CALOOCAN †¢HARRISON †¢MOA And because of the Company’s â€Å"overachievement† since its formation only in 2001, PC Gilmore is very optimistic that it would soon be able to expand further its branch network operations within and outside Metro Manila and possibly in selected areas of Luzon. This is in line with our utmost commitment to reach out to our far-flung customers old and new. How to cite Ojt Report, Essay examples

Data Deduplication for Data Optimization †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Data Deduplication for Data Optimization. Answer: Introduction: The solution proposed by the junior team member of configuring some of the network switch with half duplex can solve the current situation of running out of buffer is invalid. This is because the half duplex connection uses a single pair of cable for transmission of data and thus the speed of transmission is much slow compared to the full duplex connection. This would thus does not solve the problem of running out of buffer and increase the congestion in the network. The replacement of the hubs with switch can resolve the issue of buffer overflow and the Ethernet switches can be used for bridging Ethernet frames. This would be an upgrade of the network because the hubs are obsolete and in the hubs the same data packets are broadcasted to the connected host and thus it increases the congestion in the network. The deployment of the switch reduces the congestion in the network and the ports that are not in use can be disabled for reducing the amount of traffic generated from the system. The mechanism that is implemented for the high layer protocol for creation of a reliable delivery and policy and determine their use for removal of the congestion in the network are as follows: Application of Leaky Bucket algorithm and Application of Token bucket algorithm The Network Address Translation (NAT) is the procedure where a system gadget, more often than not a firewall, allots an open deliver to a PC (or gathering of PCs) inside a private system. The fundamental utilization of NAT is to restrain the quantity of open IP tends to an association or organization must use, for both economy and security purposes. The two problems caused by the approach are as follows: The most widely recognized type of system interpretation includes an extensive private system utilizing addresses in a private range (10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, or 192.168.0 0 to 192.168.255.255). The private tending to plot functions admirably for PCs that lone need to get to assets inside the system, similar to workstations requiring access to document servers and printers. Switches inside the private system can course activity between private locations with no inconvenience. Notwithstanding, to get to assets outside the system, similar to the Internet, these PCs need to have an open address with the end goal for reactions to their solicitations to come back to them. This is the place NAT becomes possibly the most important factor. It requires special access for the accessing the outside network and a special access is required for accessing the external IP address using the network address translation. A firewall can act as the intermediary and can be used for controlling the session in both direction. i. The distance vector routing and the linked state routing is used in a network depending on the type of the network. The two routing protocols differs from each other and in case of the distance vector routing the routing table of the router is shared with the neighboring router such that the neighboring router have all the information of the neighbor. In case of the linked state routing protocol the routing table is shared with all the routers connected in the network such that for sending a data packet the shortest path is chosen. The distance vector routing can be easily applied in the network because it is easy to implement and EIGRP, RIP protocol is used for configuring the router with distance vector router while the link state routing uses the OSPF and ISIS protocol for configuration. The distance vector routing and slow for adoption of change in the network because the addition of a new router required configuration of the old router and the neighbor information is required to be added. The link state routing can be applied in the network but more memory and processing power is required for it. It reduces the problem associated with the distance vector routing and adopt the change in the network efficiently. Thus for the scenario where the links are growing up and down the link state routing is required to be applied for the management of the network. For a smaller network the distance vector routing is ideal and because it does not require much computational power or memory of the router to process the request and can be applied easily in the router. It helps in faster convergence and adds less load in the network because the broadcasting of the router table is limited to the next node and there is no need to pass the routing table to the whole network. No extra traffic is created in the network and reduces the risk of congestion. The DHCP can be used for addition of the IP address automatically to the nodes connected in the network. The DHCPv4 is used for allocation of the IPv4 address in the network but there is limit of 4.3 Billion IP address and DHCPv6 can also be used for allocation of the IPv6 address in the network and reduce the limit of accommodation of the nodes connected in the network. 300 trillion address can be provided to the nodes and it is a simplistic asset for management of the network resources. The two advantage of the DHCP feature is that it helps in IP address management and it also helps to maintain a centralized network. The DHCP is useful for implementation of DHCpv6 on the server and it can be used for allocation of IPv6 address to the nodes connected in the network. A dual stack network can be configured with the implementation of the DHCPv6 on the server. The network that uses the IPv6 can thus communicate with the old devices for transferring of the data packets in the network. The ARP Address resolution protocol is used as a crucial component in the IP networking for any of the operating system. The ARP is used for linking the Ethernet address with the hardware address and without the ARP the communication cannot be done between the nodes connected in the network. The ARP entries are used for collection of the ARP cache and is created during resolving the hostname. The cache entries remains in the system until the entry timeouts and issuing bad entries can cause problem for establishment of the internet connection and loading of the webpage management. Address: 92.168.75.14 01011100.10101000.01 001011.00001110 Netmask: 255.255.192.0 = 18 11111111.11111111.11 000000.00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.63.255 00000000.00000000.00 111111.11111111 = Network: 92.168.64.0/18 01011100.10101000.01 000000.00000000 (Class A) Broadcast: 92.168.127.255 01011100.10101000.01 111111.11111111 HostMin: 92.168.64.1 01011100.10101000.01 000000.00000001 HostMax: 92.168.127.254 01011100.10101000.01 111111.11111110 Hosts/Net: 16382 PC B Address: 192.168.58.43 11000000.10101000.0 0111010.00101011 Netmask: 255.255.128.0 = 17 11111111.11111111.1 0000000.00000000 Wildcard: 0.0.127.255 00000000.00000000.0 1111111.11111111 = Network: 192.168.0.0/17 11000000.10101000.0 0000000.00000000 (Class C) Broadcast: 192.168.127.255 11000000.10101000.0 1111111.11111111 HostMin: 192.168.0.1 11000000.10101000.0 0000000.00000001 HostMax: 192.168.127.254 11000000.10101000.0 1111111.11111110 Hosts/Net: 32766 (Private Internet) Both the PCs A and B are connected in different network If both the PCs are configured with a default gateway of 192.168.127.254 then PC A will be able to ping PC B and vice versa. An Echo request is sent to PC B from PC A and the PC A uses the ARP table of the router to find the Ethernet or the MAC address of the PC and respond to the request for receiving the Echo and broadcast the Ethernet address in the network. The Ethernet address of PC B is thus added to the ARP table and it receives a reply from the PC B. i. After completion of RIP configuration on two routers and configuring a loopback address in the router it is found that the R3 ping 172.16.1.1 path would be taken by the router for generating five echo request and five echo response. Bibliography 'C-Net',. (2016).Monster Cable Ultra 600 Series 16' THX Digital Fiber-Optic Cable Overview.CNET. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.cnet.com/products/monster-cable-ultra-600-series-16-thx-digital-fiber-optic-cable/ 'Computer Hope',. (2016).How to secure your home wireless network router..Computerhope.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001289.htm Dean, T. 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'Nerd techy',. (2016).Best Cable Modem WiFi Router Combo Reviews 2016 - Nerd Techy.Nerd Techy. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://nerdtechy.com/best-cable-modem-wifi-router-combo-reviews-2016 Peltier, T., Peltier, J., Blackley, J. (2013).Information security fundamentals(p. 319). Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach Publications. 'UpGuard',. (2016).Cisco vs. FireEye for Continuous Security.Upguard.com. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.upguard.com/articles/cisco-vs-fireeye Venezia, P. (2016).How to Set Up a Virtualization Server.PCWorld. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://www.pcworld.com/article/201408/how_to_build_a_virtualization_server.html Ye, B. (2015).IBM Cloud Manager with OpenStack on z Systems V4.2. [S.l.]: IBM Redbooks.